The Date on which State Aid is Deemed to be Granted Is not necessarily the Date on which the Actual Benefit Materialises
State aid is deemed to be granted even if the benefit cannot be quantified in […]
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Injection of Capital in a Postal Operator
The resources of a public undertaking necessarily count as “state resources”, regardless of the degree […]
A First Commission Decision on Natural Gas Storage
Compensation that guarantees a normal or fair rate of return eliminates risk that is inherent […]
Intra-State Transfers and the Discretion of Public Authorities
Resources transferred from one public authority to another for the purpose of being used to […]
I. Vouchers for SMEs II. Funding of Aid with Revenue from Levies Imposed on the Aid Beneficiaries
State aid rules apply both to direct and indirect beneficiaries of aid. Introduction This week’s […]
Security of Energy Supply
Guaranteed supply of electricity at fixed prices to a state-owned network operator involves a transfer […]
Compensatory Payments and State Resources
Funds used in compensation mechanisms mandated by the state become state resources Introduction The Court […]
Legitimate Expectations and the “Right” to State Aid
Legitimate expectations can only be created by EU institutions giving unambiguous and unconditional assurances. No […]
When Do Legal Exemptions Constitute State Aid?
Exemption from a fine does not constitute State aid when it is based on transparent […]
Exclusive Rights and State Aid
Exclusive rights may constitute State aid if they mandate payments with resources over which the […]