Exemption from Taxes that Protect the Environment May not be Selective – Part I
Member States have discretion to impose taxes that penalise environmentally harmful activities. Exemption of undertakings […]
Archiv
Correct Pricing for the Use of Publicly Funded Infrastructure
Publicly funded infrastructure must be made available to users at prices that correspond to its […]
PART I: Concessions and State Aid: Does the State Act as a Regulator or Market Operator?
When Member States act as regulators they need not maximise revenue from the granting of […]
i) Transfer of State Resources, ii) Non-recovery of Incompatible Aid, iii) Primacy of Agricultural Policy over Competition Policy
Private resources that come under the control of a public authority become state resources. The […]
Even the Catholic Church Is not Absolved from State Aid Rules: The Essence of Economic Activity – PART I
Purely religious activities and education funded by the state are not economic in nature. Introduction […]
The Art, Science and Law of Funding Services of General Economic Interest
The compulsory nature of an assigned public mission makes the services covered by the mission […]
Financial Cooperatives
National courts may not question Commission decisions but they may ask the Court of Justice […]
Funding of the Spanish Public Broadcaster and Hypothecation of Taxes
Tax payers have grounds to object to a tax on the basis of Article 107(1) […]
Existing v New Aid and Role of National Courts
Modification of an existing aid measure turns it into a new aid measure if it […]
No Affectation of Trade
Public subsidies that do not affect cross-border trade either directly or indirectly do not constitute […]