State Aid to the Operator of a Legal Monopoly
Introduction In some Member States, the provision of potable water to households is a “closed” […]
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No Effect on Trade
A public measure of purely local character and which does not induce cross-border movement of […]
The Date on which State Aid is Deemed to be Granted Is not necessarily the Date on which the Actual Benefit Materialises
State aid is deemed to be granted even if the benefit cannot be quantified in […]
Territoriality and the Tax Treatment of Intra-group Transactions
A special tax rule can constitute the reference or normal system of taxation if it […]
Security of Energy Supply
Guaranteed supply of electricity at fixed prices to a state-owned network operator involves a transfer […]
Duplication of Infrastructure Does not Promote Regional Development
A private investor is not interested in regional development. A private investor recoups its investment […]
Public Funding of an Undertaking in a Closed Sector
Public funding of undertakings in sectors closed to competition does not constitute State aid. A […]
A Real Estate Deal that Does not Affect Intra-EU Trade
Operators selected through competitive, transparent, non-discriminatory and unconditional procedures receive no State aid. When only […]
Tax Exemptions Authorised by the Council of the EU
State aid is an objective concept. When the Commission assesses a measure it has to […]
Do Free but Compulsory Tests Confer a Selective Advantage?
State aid rules apply to measures which are either harmonised at EU level or are […]