Public Infrastructure and State Prerogatives
Introduction On 28 February 2024, the General Court delivered two important judgments on the presence […]
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State Aid and Arbitration of Disputes
Introduction On 22 February 2024, the Court of Justice [CJEU] delivered its judgment in joined […]
A Large Regional Investment Project in Spain
Introduction Most State aid to “large” investment projects is granted by the Member States in […]
Another Case of Indirect State Aid
Introduction On 19 May 2021, the General Court, in case T-643/20, Ryanair v Commission, annulled […]
State Resources, Control and Imputability
Introduction A public measure can be classified as State aid only when it is funded […]
Indirect Beneficiaries of State aid
Introduction The prohibition of State aid in Article 107(1) TFEU applies both to direct and […]
Non-contractual Liability in the Field of State aid
Introduction The Commission, in its control of State aid, occasionally makes mistakes. EU courts may […]
Public Service Compensation and Indexation of Costs
Introduction Member States may impose public service obligations [PSO] on undertakings and compensate them for […]
Undertakings May also Carry out Non-economic Activities
Introduction An undertaking is any entity that carries out economic activities regardless of how it […]
National Court May Order Recovery of Illegal Aid that Is Considered Existing Aid
Introduction The European Commission is required by Regulation 2015/1589 to order recover of State aid […]