Investment and Operating Aid to Airports
State aid is granted on the date the relevant public authority makes an irrevocable commitment […]
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Market Economy Investor Principle
Public investment is free of State aid when it is made at the same time […]
Special Tax Treatment to Alleviate Structural Disadvantages
Favourable tax treatment to alleviate “structural disadvantages” suffered by certain companies is a selective measure […]
Sale of Public Land and Conditions for Credible Expert Valuation
The value of land corresponds to its market price that can be determined through open […]
Economic Continuity and Recovery of Incompatible State Aid
Incompatible State aid must be recovered from “successor” companies which acquire previously aided companies and […]
The Perennial Altmark Questions
A SGEI provider does not have to be efficient by industry standards in order to […]
Should State Aid that Is Passed on to Consumers Not be Recovered?
Should the amount of recoverable aid be similarly reduced by the amount that is allegedly […]
A Primer on Compensation for the Extra Costs of Public Service Obligations Taking into Account Efficiency Gains
When Member States impose PSOs they are never allowed to grant even a single euro […]
The State Acting as a Private Creditor & State Aid Enforcement and Procedural Rights
In this article I review Commission decision SA.37100 on JSC Liepajas Metalurgs [LM], once Latvia’s […]
Airport Infrastructure, Public Remit and the MEOT
A public authority, acting as a private investor, may provide finance which is free of […]