Pari Passu Is not Static
When comparing the behaviour of public and private creditors, it is necessary to ensure that […]
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Services of General Economic Interest: Proper Definition and Avoidance of Overcompensation
Member States need to demonstrate that public service obligations imposed on undertakings are necessary and […]
The Private Investor Principle in Air Transport – Part II
Public funds managed by private airport operators can be classified as state resources. Prices charged […]
The Private Investor Principle in Air Transport – Part I
Public funds managed by private airport operators can be classified as state resources. Prices charged […]
Justification of a Tax Exemption
Prevention of excessive taxation may justify tax exemption. Prevention of abuse may justify limits to […]
Infrastructure Projects, State Guarantees and Distortion of Competition
State guarantees must be limited in duration and amount and the conditions for their mobilization […]
The Date and Scope of Public Service Compensation
Aid is deemed to be granted on the date the beneficiary undertaking acquires the legal […]
The Challenge of Identifying the Reference Tax System: The Spanish Goodwill Case, Again
To determine whether an aid measure is selective, the treatment of the beneficiaries has to […]
The Recovery of Incompatible Aid Cannot be Absolutely Impossible Unless it is first Attempted
Introduction In its ruling of 6 November 2018 in cases C‑622/16 P to C‑624/16 P, Scuola Elementare Maria […]
Legal Standing of Investors in Failed Banks
Investors that lodge claims before national courts for damages from resolution of banks have legal […]