How to Value Land in Complex Land Swaps
A private investor assesses all components of a complex transaction and takes into account not […]
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Is it OK to Tax Company Size?*
Progressive tax rates that are consistent with the objective of the tax system are not […]
I) Unlimited State Guarantees II) Effect on Trade
A competitor who wants to challenge a Commission decision authorising State aid without a formal […]
Not Every Compensation Is a Compensation in the Meaning of Altmark
Regulation and licensing do not constitute obligations for the provision of an SGEI. Compensation for […]
What Happens when Internal Market Rules and State Aid Rules Clash?
A tax refund may not be granted, if it constitutes non-notified State aid. Introduction […]
There Is No Threshold below which Economic Activities Can Be Considered to be Non-economic
Non-economic activities have to be accounted separately from economic activities. The exercise of public tasks […]
Competitors’ Rights
A competitor must show that it is substantially affected by State aid approved by the […]
Land Development: The Case of Jaguar Land Rover Slovakia
Public funding of infrastructure which is not constructed for the specific needs of a company […]
The Commission Must Explain its Decision
A Commission decision that affects the legal position of an undertaking is actionable before EU […]
State Control: The Case of EEG 2012
There is crucial difference between control by the state over resources and attribution to the […]