Exclusive Rights and Legal Monopolies
State aid rules can apply to sectors which are legal monopolies. Introduction The fact that […]
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Bail-in Is the Responsibility of Member States
Commission approval of State aid to bail-out a bank does not give rise to right […]
5 Most Read Articles on StateAidUncovered in 2019
Groundbreaking judgments like “Eesti Pagar”, applications of the private investor principle in air transport or […]
A Preferential Electricity Tariff Is Selective, Confers an Advantage and Distorts Competition
A judicial decision on interim measures is a selective measure. The private investor test does […]
Can a Tax (rather than a Tax Exemption) Confer a Selective Advantage?
A tax that is levied at one level of government and does not apply to […]
Retroactive Application of the GBER
When an aid scheme is adjusted by limiting the eligible beneficiaries, it becomes “new” aid […]
Will Brexit Usher in Protectionism?
The Financial Times reported on Friday, 29 November 2019, that the Conservative party in the […]
Separability of Economic from Non-economic Activities
Activities which are inseparable from the exercise of official powers are non-economic. Introduction Pure […]
How to Assess a Shareholder Loan
A shareholder loan cannot be simply compared to a bank loan because the shareholder also […]
Compensation to a Toll Road Operator
Contractual obligation to provide compensation that does not exceed the loss of income is not […]