One Agreement, Two Parallel Systems: Subsidies in the Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the EU and the UK
The agreement on subsidies allows the UK to deviate from EU State aid rules. Introduction […]
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The Time Horizon of a Private Investor
A public authority that claims that it invests for the long term, must still prove […]
Attribution to the State does not necessarily Imply Control by the State
Prices fixed by the state do not necessarily confer control to the state over the […]
The Law, Economics and Art of Compensation for Public Service Obligations
State aid in the form of compensation for public service obligations must exclude any intangible […]
A Rare Case of Altmark-compliant SGEI (Part II)
For a service to be in the general economic interest, it must be shown to […]
A Rare Case of Altmark-compliant SGEI (Part I)
For a service to be in the general economic interest, it must be shown to […]
De Minimis Aid
If different awards of de minimis aid bring the total amount over the ceiling of […]
What is the Value of Informal Commission Communications?
An official’s statement can be imputed to his authority if it can be reasonably assumed […]
The Concept of SME, Indirect Control by Public Bodies and New Problems for Public Universities and Research Organisations
I am grateful to Peter Staviczky for comments on an earlier draft. A company that […]
Evaluation of EU State Aid Rules: Need for Greater Transparency
On Friday, 30 November 2020, the European Commission published a Staff Working Document [SWD(2020) 257 […]