De Minimis Aid
If different awards of de minimis aid bring the total amount over the ceiling of […]
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What is the Value of Informal Commission Communications?
An official’s statement can be imputed to his authority if it can be reasonably assumed […]
The Concept of SME, Indirect Control by Public Bodies and New Problems for Public Universities and Research Organisations
I am grateful to Peter Staviczky for comments on an earlier draft. A company that […]
Evaluation of EU State Aid Rules: Need for Greater Transparency
On Friday, 30 November 2020, the European Commission published a Staff Working Document [SWD(2020) 257 […]
The Common European Interest and the Environmental Impact of State Aid: The Case of Nuclear Power
I am grateful to Peter Staviczky for comments on an earlier version. The possible negative […]
Employees’ Social Security Contributions and Compensation for Damage
Fiscal benefits to employees do not constitute State aid as long as they do not […]
Market Economy Operator Principle: The Case of FIH
Negotiated transactions are not necessarily market conform. Update on Temporary Framework: Number of approved and […]
Member States Beware: Compliance with the GBER and the SME Criteria has just Become more Difficult
I am grateful to Péter Staviczky for comments on an earlier draft of this article. […]
Market Economy Operator Test
A rational airport operator considers only incremental revenue and costs and ignores any cost not […]
A Real Estate Deal that Does not Affect Intra-EU Trade
Operators selected through competitive, transparent, non-discriminatory and unconditional procedures receive no State aid. When only […]