The Date on which State Aid is Deemed to be Granted Is not necessarily the Date on which the Actual Benefit Materialises
State aid is deemed to be granted even if the benefit cannot be quantified in […]
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Territoriality and the Tax Treatment of Intra-group Transactions
A special tax rule can constitute the reference or normal system of taxation if it […]
A Rare Commission Decision on SGEI Interpreting Decision 2012/21
A non-profit provider of free services which are in competition with similar services on the […]
State Aid and Anti-Competitive Practices
State aid to undertakings that engage in anti-competitive practices is incompatible with the internal market. […]
Another Case of Rescue Aid to an Airline
An undertaking does not have to be nationally “important” in order to qualify for rescue […]
Risk Finance
Risk finance aid in the form of tax relief based on the GBER must be […]
The Standard of Proof in State Aid Complaints and the “Informational Disadvantage” of Complainants
The Commission must use its investigative powers to seek clarification from Member States in order […]
Member States Must Recover of their Own Initiative Illegally Granted Aid
Aid granted illegal must be recovered by the granting authority without any need for a […]
Injection of Capital in a Postal Operator
The resources of a public undertaking necessarily count as “state resources”, regardless of the degree […]
A First Commission Decision on Natural Gas Storage
Compensation that guarantees a normal or fair rate of return eliminates risk that is inherent […]