Europäisches Beihilfenrecht Blog

State Aid Uncovered Blog

In Lexxions Blog „State Aid Uncovered” veröffentlicht Prof. Phedon Nicolaides wöchentlich kritische Analysen zu den neuesten Urteilen und Entscheidungen zu staatlichen Beihilfen. Jeder Beitrag stellt die wichtigsten Punkte eines Gerichtsurteils oder einer EU-Kommissionsentscheidung vor, ordnet sie in den Kontext ähnlicher Rechtsprechung oder Praxis ein, bewertet die zugrundeliegende Argumentation und zeigt etwaige Ungereimtheiten oder Widersprüche auf.

In loser Folge werden auf diesem Blog auch Gastbeiträge von anderen Experten für staatliche Beihilfen veröffentlicht, welche die Inhalte der Blogbeiträge ergänzen.

Jetzt abonnieren!

Professor at Maastricht University; Professor at University of Nicosia, and Academic Director at Lexxion Training

State Aid Uncovered ×

4. August 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Profitability of an Investment Must be Determined Ex Ante
invest graph
Internal transfer of capital which is not used to fund new economic activities is not State aid. Injection of fresh capital to satisfy solvency and liquidity requirements still has to comply with State aid rules. A private investor always has the option of not injecting new capital and may opt instead to close down the business. A private investor always […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
29. Juli 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Benchmarks of Profitability for Private Investors
movie production
A public authority that injects capital in an undertaking [or provides any other kind of finance] must ensure that the funding can achieve the rate of return that can, in principle, satisfy a private investor. The rate that can satisfy a private investor and ensure that the funding is free of State aid is the rate that covers the cost of […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
22. Juli 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Sale of Public Assets, SGEI and Electricity Levies
Electrical grid
Revenue from levies on electricity users is most likely to constitute State resources. Public service obligations can be transferred from one electricity-generating company to another. Compensation for public service obligations may distinguish between controllable and uncontrollable costs. Performance benchmarking can be used as a means for inducing efficiency. Electricity levies may not directly or indirectly discriminate against imported electricity. Introduction   This is a […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
16. Juli 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Capital Injection that Turns out to be Incompatible State Aid
skiing equipment
Public authorities and the entities they control need to ensure that injection of public money in an undertaking must satisfy the market economy investor principle, otherwise it will be considered to be State aid. Public funding of an undertaking in difficulty has to be preceded by an ex ante assessment that can show that either the recipient will be turned around […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
10. Juli 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The New General Block Exemption Regulation: The Cornerstone of the State Aid Regime, 2014-2020
office table
The new GBER at a glance Common Provisions: aid must be transparent, must have incentive effect, rules on cumulation, and aid measures and awards must be published. Specific Provisions: Thirteen categories and many types of aid. Exclusions: no export aid, no mandated use of domestic products, no aid to firms in difficulty, no provisions that violate EU law, and no aid to […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
3. Juli 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Land Development without State Aid
construction site
Activities which are part of the performance of public duties are non-economic in nature [e.g. spatial development]. Public funding of these activities does not constitute State aid. The transfer of resources from one level of government to another is transfer between public authorities and does not constitute State aid. Competitive selected developers obtain no advantage. Purchasers of subsidised assets who pay market prices […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
25. Juni 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Transparency Is also Needed at the European Commission Level
EU flags
As more State aid measures in the future will be granted on the basis of the General Block Exemption Regulation, Member States will have to make the aid they grant more transparent. More transparency should prevent the granting of State aid that is incompatible with the internal market. However, Member States should also be assisted in identifying which public measures may contain […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
19. Juni 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

A JESSICA-Funded Public-Private Partnership
construction site
Public funding of a public-private partnership for the construction and maintenance of public schools may still involve State Aid. State Aid may have an incentive effect even when it is granted to a project that has already started. The funding gap method can demonstrate the necessity and proportionality of State Aid. Introduction   This article reviews Commission Decision SA.37168 concerning the construction […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
12. Juni 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Price Discounts and Compensation for Public Service Obligations: A Case of Questionable Need for Aid
school busses
SGEI can be defined and public service obligations can be imposed only when the market underprovides. The parameters of compensation must be determined in advance. Public service compensation may not exceed the next extra costs of the SGEI or PSO. Member States are free to devise their own method of compensation, but irrespective of the method used, compensation must comply with the basic […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
4. Juni 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Cost of not Recovering Incompatible Aid
Flag of Spain
The Commission is not obliged to quantify precisely the amount of aid that has to be recovered. The Member State that fails to recover incompatible aid or fails to recover all of it risks legal action against both before national and EU courts. The Commission may initiate infringement proceedings and request the Court of Justice to impose penalties against the failing Member […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
« Vorherige SeiteNächste Seite »

State Aid Uncovered ×

4. August 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Profitability of an Investment Must be Determined Ex Ante
invest graph
Internal transfer of capital which is not used to fund new economic activities is not State aid. Injection of fresh capital to satisfy solvency and liquidity requirements still has to comply with State aid rules. A private investor always has the option of not injecting new capital and may opt instead to close down the business. A private investor always […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
29. Juli 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Benchmarks of Profitability for Private Investors
movie production
A public authority that injects capital in an undertaking [or provides any other kind of finance] must ensure that the funding can achieve the rate of return that can, in principle, satisfy a private investor. The rate that can satisfy a private investor and ensure that the funding is free of State aid is the rate that covers the cost of […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
22. Juli 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Sale of Public Assets, SGEI and Electricity Levies
Electrical grid
Revenue from levies on electricity users is most likely to constitute State resources. Public service obligations can be transferred from one electricity-generating company to another. Compensation for public service obligations may distinguish between controllable and uncontrollable costs. Performance benchmarking can be used as a means for inducing efficiency. Electricity levies may not directly or indirectly discriminate against imported electricity. Introduction   This is a […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
16. Juli 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Capital Injection that Turns out to be Incompatible State Aid
skiing equipment
Public authorities and the entities they control need to ensure that injection of public money in an undertaking must satisfy the market economy investor principle, otherwise it will be considered to be State aid. Public funding of an undertaking in difficulty has to be preceded by an ex ante assessment that can show that either the recipient will be turned around […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
10. Juli 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The New General Block Exemption Regulation: The Cornerstone of the State Aid Regime, 2014-2020
office table
The new GBER at a glance Common Provisions: aid must be transparent, must have incentive effect, rules on cumulation, and aid measures and awards must be published. Specific Provisions: Thirteen categories and many types of aid. Exclusions: no export aid, no mandated use of domestic products, no aid to firms in difficulty, no provisions that violate EU law, and no aid to […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
3. Juli 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Land Development without State Aid
construction site
Activities which are part of the performance of public duties are non-economic in nature [e.g. spatial development]. Public funding of these activities does not constitute State aid. The transfer of resources from one level of government to another is transfer between public authorities and does not constitute State aid. Competitive selected developers obtain no advantage. Purchasers of subsidised assets who pay market prices […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
25. Juni 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Transparency Is also Needed at the European Commission Level
EU flags
As more State aid measures in the future will be granted on the basis of the General Block Exemption Regulation, Member States will have to make the aid they grant more transparent. More transparency should prevent the granting of State aid that is incompatible with the internal market. However, Member States should also be assisted in identifying which public measures may contain […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
19. Juni 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

A JESSICA-Funded Public-Private Partnership
construction site
Public funding of a public-private partnership for the construction and maintenance of public schools may still involve State Aid. State Aid may have an incentive effect even when it is granted to a project that has already started. The funding gap method can demonstrate the necessity and proportionality of State Aid. Introduction   This article reviews Commission Decision SA.37168 concerning the construction […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
12. Juni 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Price Discounts and Compensation for Public Service Obligations: A Case of Questionable Need for Aid
school busses
SGEI can be defined and public service obligations can be imposed only when the market underprovides. The parameters of compensation must be determined in advance. Public service compensation may not exceed the next extra costs of the SGEI or PSO. Member States are free to devise their own method of compensation, but irrespective of the method used, compensation must comply with the basic […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
4. Juni 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Cost of not Recovering Incompatible Aid
Flag of Spain
The Commission is not obliged to quantify precisely the amount of aid that has to be recovered. The Member State that fails to recover incompatible aid or fails to recover all of it risks legal action against both before national and EU courts. The Commission may initiate infringement proceedings and request the Court of Justice to impose penalties against the failing Member […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
« Vorherige SeiteNächste Seite »

State Aid Uncovered ×

4. August 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Profitability of an Investment Must be Determined Ex Ante
invest graph
Internal transfer of capital which is not used to fund new economic activities is not State aid. Injection of fresh capital to satisfy solvency and liquidity requirements still has to comply with State aid rules. A private investor always has the option of not injecting new capital and may opt instead to close down the business. A private investor always […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
29. Juli 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Benchmarks of Profitability for Private Investors
movie production
A public authority that injects capital in an undertaking [or provides any other kind of finance] must ensure that the funding can achieve the rate of return that can, in principle, satisfy a private investor. The rate that can satisfy a private investor and ensure that the funding is free of State aid is the rate that covers the cost of […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
22. Juli 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Sale of Public Assets, SGEI and Electricity Levies
Electrical grid
Revenue from levies on electricity users is most likely to constitute State resources. Public service obligations can be transferred from one electricity-generating company to another. Compensation for public service obligations may distinguish between controllable and uncontrollable costs. Performance benchmarking can be used as a means for inducing efficiency. Electricity levies may not directly or indirectly discriminate against imported electricity. Introduction   This is a […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
16. Juli 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Capital Injection that Turns out to be Incompatible State Aid
skiing equipment
Public authorities and the entities they control need to ensure that injection of public money in an undertaking must satisfy the market economy investor principle, otherwise it will be considered to be State aid. Public funding of an undertaking in difficulty has to be preceded by an ex ante assessment that can show that either the recipient will be turned around […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
10. Juli 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The New General Block Exemption Regulation: The Cornerstone of the State Aid Regime, 2014-2020
office table
The new GBER at a glance Common Provisions: aid must be transparent, must have incentive effect, rules on cumulation, and aid measures and awards must be published. Specific Provisions: Thirteen categories and many types of aid. Exclusions: no export aid, no mandated use of domestic products, no aid to firms in difficulty, no provisions that violate EU law, and no aid to […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
3. Juli 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Land Development without State Aid
construction site
Activities which are part of the performance of public duties are non-economic in nature [e.g. spatial development]. Public funding of these activities does not constitute State aid. The transfer of resources from one level of government to another is transfer between public authorities and does not constitute State aid. Competitive selected developers obtain no advantage. Purchasers of subsidised assets who pay market prices […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
25. Juni 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Transparency Is also Needed at the European Commission Level
EU flags
As more State aid measures in the future will be granted on the basis of the General Block Exemption Regulation, Member States will have to make the aid they grant more transparent. More transparency should prevent the granting of State aid that is incompatible with the internal market. However, Member States should also be assisted in identifying which public measures may contain […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
19. Juni 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

A JESSICA-Funded Public-Private Partnership
construction site
Public funding of a public-private partnership for the construction and maintenance of public schools may still involve State Aid. State Aid may have an incentive effect even when it is granted to a project that has already started. The funding gap method can demonstrate the necessity and proportionality of State Aid. Introduction   This article reviews Commission Decision SA.37168 concerning the construction […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
12. Juni 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Price Discounts and Compensation for Public Service Obligations: A Case of Questionable Need for Aid
school busses
SGEI can be defined and public service obligations can be imposed only when the market underprovides. The parameters of compensation must be determined in advance. Public service compensation may not exceed the next extra costs of the SGEI or PSO. Member States are free to devise their own method of compensation, but irrespective of the method used, compensation must comply with the basic […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
4. Juni 2014  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Cost of not Recovering Incompatible Aid
Flag of Spain
The Commission is not obliged to quantify precisely the amount of aid that has to be recovered. The Member State that fails to recover incompatible aid or fails to recover all of it risks legal action against both before national and EU courts. The Commission may initiate infringement proceedings and request the Court of Justice to impose penalties against the failing Member […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
« Vorherige SeiteNächste Seite »

Sie möchten einen Beitrag einreichen oder zur Weiterentwicklung des Blogs State Aid Uncovered beitragen? Weitere Details finden Sie auf der englischsprachigen Seite.

Gastbeitrag einreichen

Abonnieren Sie unseren Newsletter für aktuelle Informationen zu Entwicklungen, Konferenzen, Seminaren und Veröffentlichungen in Ihrem Interessenbereich.

Newsletter: Jetzt abonnieren