Europäisches Beihilfenrecht Blog

State Aid Uncovered Blog

In Lexxions Blog „State Aid Uncovered” veröffentlicht Prof. Phedon Nicolaides wöchentlich kritische Analysen zu den neuesten Urteilen und Entscheidungen zu staatlichen Beihilfen. Jeder Beitrag stellt die wichtigsten Punkte eines Gerichtsurteils oder einer EU-Kommissionsentscheidung vor, ordnet sie in den Kontext ähnlicher Rechtsprechung oder Praxis ein, bewertet die zugrundeliegende Argumentation und zeigt etwaige Ungereimtheiten oder Widersprüche auf.

In loser Folge werden auf diesem Blog auch Gastbeiträge von anderen Experten für staatliche Beihilfen veröffentlicht, welche die Inhalte der Blogbeiträge ergänzen.

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Professor at Maastricht University; Professor at University of Nicosia, and Academic Director at Lexxion Training

11. Juli 2017 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Even the Catholic Church Is not Absolved from State Aid Rules: The Essence of Economic Activity – PART I

State Aid Blogs - m 10

State Aid Blogs - m 10

Purely religious activities and education funded by the state are not economic in nature. Introduction On 27 June 2017 the Court of Justice ruled in case C‑74/16, Congregación de Escuelas Pías Provincia Betania v Ayuntamiento de Getafe.[1] The ruling was in response to a request from a Spanish administrative court dealing with a tax dispute between religious schools and the municipality of […]

10 Kommentare

6. Juli 2017 | Guest State Aid Blog von Lexxion Publisher

15th Jubilee Feature – State Aid Experts Paying Court to EStAL: Ilkka Aalto-Setälä

Since 2002 Lexxion Publisher’s European State Aid Law Quarterly – EStAL serves as a forum for dialogue and deliberation on all issues related to State aid. On the occasion of our 15th anniversary special feature we have gathered our State aid family to reflect upon their joint journey together with our precious EStAL and of course our favourite topic State […]

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4. Juli 2017 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Imputability to the State

State Aid Blogs - m 11

State Aid Blogs - m 11

State resources and imputability or attribution to the state are two distinct concepts. They must both be satisfied in order for a measure to constitute State aid. Introduction Several Member States have set up “promotional” banks or national development banks. Some of these promotional banks pursue only public policy objectives by channelling cheap funds to SMEs. Some others provide funding […]

2 Kommentare

27. Juni 2017 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Is there any Advantage for Owners, Operators or Users of Publicly Funded Ports?

State Aid Blogs - m 12

State Aid Blogs - m 12

Public funding of ports confers an advantage to their owners, but not for operators chosen competitively or users who pay a market price. Introduction Few issues have exercised public authorities more than the funding of infrastructure which is used for commercial purposes. This is because State aid may benefit the owner and/or the operator and/or the users of the […]

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22. Juni 2017 | Guest State Aid Blog von Lexxion Publisher

15th Jubilee Feature – State Aid Experts Paying Court to EStAL: Sara Gobbato

Since 2002 Lexxion Publisher’s European State Aid Law Quarterly – EStAL serves as a forum for dialogue and deliberation on all issues related to State aid. On the occasion of our 15th anniversary special feature we have gathered our State aid family to reflect upon their joint journey together with our precious EStAL and of course our favourite topic State […]

Keine Kommentare

20. Juni 2017 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Effectiveness of Clear Guidance: The Case of Broadband Networks

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State Aid Blogs - m 13

This blog examines how much aid goes to support broadband networks and what lessons can be drawn from the Commission’s decisional practice. Introduction A principal objective of the State Aid Modernisation was to free Commission resources from the time-consuming task of checking the conformity of routine measures of State aid. Consequently, the General Block Exemption Regulation was extended to […]

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14. Juni 2017 | Guest State Aid Blog von Nevin Alija

State Resources criteria in the spotlight once again: Comments on the Opinion of the Advocate General in case C-329/15 ENEA SA w Poznaniu v Prezes Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki

State Aid Blogs - m 14

State Aid Blogs - m 14

Today we are glad to welcome Nevin Alija to the State Aid Blog. She is a PhD Candidate at the Católica Research Center for the Future of Law of the Católica Global School of Law, Universidade Católica Portuguesa. In this blog post she examines case C-329/15 ENEA SA w Poznaniu v Prezes Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki. Thank you, Nevin, for sharing […]

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13. Juni 2017 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

A Regional Aid Scheme with an Ex-Post Evaluation Plan

State Aid Blogs - m 15

State Aid Blogs - m 15

Aid must be capable of remedying the regional handicap. Introduction A novel aspect of the 2014 State Aid Modernisation was the requirement for ex-post evaluation of large or unusual State aid measures. The purpose of the ex-post evaluation is to determine the effectiveness of State aid. The outcome of the evaluation does not affect the legality of the aid. […]

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6. Juni 2017 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Transfer of State Assets between State-Owned Companies

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State Aid Blogs - m 16

Transfers of public assets for the purpose of extinguishing debt have to be valued according to private creditor principle. Transfers of public assets that involve State aid must be notified to the Commission. Introduction Sale or transfer of state assets is a tricky process. A possible undervaluation of the assets results in State aid for the benefit of the […]

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30. Mai 2017 | Guest State Aid Blog von Lexxion Publisher

15th Jubilee Feature – State Aid Experts Paying Court to EStAL: Thomas Jaeger

State Aid Blogs - Rose StateAidHub ohne Rand 24082017

State Aid Blogs - Rose StateAidHub ohne Rand 24082017

Since 2002 Lexxion Publisher’s European State Aid Law Quarterly – EStAL serves as a forum for dialogue and deliberation on all issues related to State aid. On the occasion of our 15th anniversary special feature we have gathered our State aid family to reflect upon their joint journey together with our precious EStAL and of course our favourite topic State […]

Keine Kommentare

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29. November 2016 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Media Plurality in Denmark

State Aid Blogs - m 10 1

State Aid Blogs - m 10 1

State aid measures need not be open to all undertakings. Introduction On 11 October 2016, the General Court rendered its judgment in case T-167/14, TSøndagsavisen v Commission.[1] Søndagsavisen requested annulment of Commission decision SA.36366 on a measure that had been notified by Denmark. The purpose of the measure was to support production and innovation in the newspaper and magazine sector […]

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23. November 2016 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

No Affectation of Trade

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State Aid Blogs - m 11 1

Public subsidies that do not affect cross-border trade either directly or indirectly do not constitute State aid in the meaning of Article 107(1). The direct trade effect is the impact on customers or users. The indirect trade effect is the impact on potential market entrants. Introduction In April 2015, the Commission surprised us with seven decisions that concluded that […]

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15. November 2016 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Private Investor v Private Creditor

State Aid Blogs - 01.11.17 State aid

State Aid Blogs - 01.11.17 State aid

When the state, acting as a private investor, seeks to recover past public investments, it must aim to maximise the recoverable amount. However, public funds that were granted as State aid must be ignored when the recoverable amount of past investments is calculated. Introduction On 15 September 2016, the General Court rendered its judgment in case T‑386/14, FIH Holding v […]

Keine Kommentare

8. November 2016 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

1) Selectivity of Health Tests 2) Existing v New Aid in Preferential Electricity Tariffs

State Aid Blogs - m 14

State Aid Blogs - m 14

A measure can be selective even if it applies to a whole sector. An existing aid measure becomes new when a court extends it temporarily. Introduction This article reviews two judgments: one on BSE tests in Belgium and another on preferential electricity tariffs in Greece. The issue at hand with respect to the BSE test was whether a measure […]

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1. November 2016 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Turnover Taxes Can be Incompatible with the Internal Market

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State Aid Blogs - m 12 1

Progressive taxes levied on turnover can provide State aid that is incompatible with the internal market. Flat turnover taxes are proportional and therefore likely to be free of State aid. Introduction Hungary wanted to levy two types of turnover taxes whose purpose was to protect health. The first tax was levied on tobacco products.[1] The Commission found, in decision 2016/1846, […]

Keine Kommentare

25. Oktober 2016 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Belgium’s Alternative Tax Regime for the Diamond Sector

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State Aid Blogs - m 13 1

Alternative tax regimes do not provide State aid as long as they raise the amount of tax paid and they are justified by the nature or general scheme of the normal system of taxation. Introduction During the past three years, the Commission has been pursuing multinational companies that pay too little tax. Its main objection to the tax treatment […]

Keine Kommentare

18. Oktober 2016 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Compliance with State Aid Rules in Cohesion Policy: A Special Report of the European Court of Auditors

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State Aid Blogs - m 14 1

Control of State aid by national authorities needs to be strengthened. Typical mistake is to grant aid after a project has started or to subsidise ineligible costs. Aid measures for risk capital, SGEI and R&D appear to be particularly prone to error. Introduction On 4 October 2016, the European Court of Auditors [ECA] published a special report 24/2016 […]

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11. Oktober 2016 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Non-economic Activities, Absolute Impossibility to Recover Incompatible Aid and the Powers of National Courts

State Aid Blogs - SAH blog48 Montessori Lexxion

State Aid Blogs - SAH blog48 Montessori Lexxion

This article reviews three judgments that were all rendered on 15 September 2016. The first two concern the concept of economic activity. The third is about the rights of national courts to consider the correctness of Commission decisions. The Court of Justice has said clearly that national courts may not question Commission decisions. Economic activity The first two cases […]

Keine Kommentare

6. Oktober 2016 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Compensation for the Extra Costs Imposed by Law

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State Aid Blogs - m 15 1

When the state imposes obligations which create extra costs for a single undertaking, that undertaking suffers a disadvantage in relation to its competitors. The extra costs are abnormal because normal costs are those borne by all competitors. Introduction On 14 July 2016, the General Court rendered its judgment in case T 143/12, Germany v Commission.1 The outcome was a victory for […]

2 Kommentare

27. September 2016 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Regional Aid for a Large Project subject to Individual Notification under the GBER

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State Aid Blogs - m 16 1

In the meaning of regional aid rules, diversification in a “new activity” is not the same as diversification in a “new product”. A “new process innovation” must be different, in the sense of being distinct from an existing process, must be substantial, in the sense that it covers the whole production process and must be new, in the sense that […]

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