Europäisches Beihilfenrecht Blog

State Aid Uncovered by Prof Phedon Nicolaides

In Lexxions Blog „State Aid Uncovered” veröffentlicht Prof. Phedon Nicolaides wöchentlich kritische Analysen zu den neuesten Urteilen und Entscheidungen zu staatlichen Beihilfen. Jeder Beitrag stellt die wichtigsten Punkte eines Gerichtsurteils oder einer EU-Kommissionsentscheidung vor, ordnet sie in den Kontext ähnlicher Rechtsprechung oder Praxis ein, bewertet die zugrundeliegende Argumentation und zeigt etwaige Ungereimtheiten oder Widersprüche auf.

In loser Folge werden auf diesem Blog auch Gastbeiträge von anderen Experten für staatliche Beihilfen veröffentlicht, welche die Inhalte der Blogbeiträge ergänzen.

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Professor at Maastricht University; Professor at University of Nicosia, and Academic Director at Lexxion Training

1. April 2020  |   Guest State Aid Blog von Lexxion Publisher

Live Webinar: Covid-19 & State Aid Law in the UK Now
older woman sitting at the table, writting
Lexxion has created another new live webinar to keep you updated on current developments of Covid-19 and State aid law in the UK after Brexit. Leading State aid experts Jonathan Branton, George Peretz QC and Alexander Rose will work through the current EU State aid rules and answer your questions.   ✓ Join from wherever you are – high-quality content at […]
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31. März 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

How to Make Good the Damage Caused by a Natural Disaster
State Aid Blogs - sergio torres nUw2nIGeGYY unsplash
Compensation for costs incurred as a result of a natural disaster is State aid. The compensation must be for damage directly caused by the natural disaster. Introduction State aid to make good the damage caused by an “exceptional occurrence” such as the corona virus covid-19 is compatible with the internal market. The legal basis for exemption is Article 107(2)(b). Of […]
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25. März 2020  |   Guest State Aid Blog von Lexxion Publisher

Join our live webinar with Phedon Nicolaides on ‚COVID-19 and State Aid Law‘ on 2 April
hands typing on the laptop
Due to global developments and responding to various requests, Lexxion has created a live webinar to keep you updated on the latest news regarding the corona virus and State aid law. You can join from wherever you are and receive high-quality content at your (home) office.   In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, EU Member States are urgently rolling out […]
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20. März 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

A New Temporary State aid Framework to Fight the Effects of the Corona Virus
corona virus poster
Member States will be allowed to provide grants, guarantees and loans to companies to alleviate the effects of the corona virus. Introduction At the end of 2009, the European Commission adopted a Temporary Framework of State aid rules to enable Member States to support companies that were harmed by the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008. Now, the corona […]
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17. März 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Has an Economic Myth Become a Legal Fact? The Case of Turnover Taxes
State Aid Blogs - Turnover
Progressive turnover taxes are not contrary to the freedom of establishment or the right of equal treatment. Introduction Recent cases involving “turnover” taxes have sparked a debate in the literature and on the conference circuit not only because they raise novel issues but also because of their implications for other taxes which are being mooted by European governments. As Advocate-General […]
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11. März 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Financial Transactions between the State and Banks with No State aid
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost10 state guarantees
Capital injections, state guarantees and loans granted to banks can be free of State aid if they are priced at market rates which reflect the risk borne by the state. Introduction If banks can obtain capital, loans and guarantees from the state at market rates why don’t they go directly to the market? No one has yet given a satisfactory […]
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3. März 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Public Funding of Infrastructure without State Aid
State Aide_Infrastructure
The existence of State aid must be checked at the level of both the direct and indirect beneficiaries who are the owners and users of infrastructure, respectively. If payments to private land owners are to be free of State aid, they must be calculated on the basis of an objective formula that takes into account the size and value of […]
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25. Februar 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Environmental Remediation and State Liability
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost8 environmental remediation
Liability assumed by the state for the actions of an undertaking constitutes a selective advantage that may result in potential transfer of state resources in the future. Introduction On 16 January 2020 the General Court delivered its judgment in case T‑257/18, Iberpotash v European Commission.[1] Iberpotash, a Spanish company, appealed against Commission decision 2018/118. Iberpotash owns and operates potash mines […]
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21. Februar 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

From Waste to Energy
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost7 waste to energy
State aid to incentivise the use of waste to produce energy must be individually notified. Introduction Waste management is an increasingly important aspect of policies aiming to prevent environmental degradation and slow down climate change. As the market for recycling expands and waste management becomes more profitable, there is also a higher risk of harm to competition by State aid. […]
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12. Februar 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

An Important (and so far, Unique) Project of Common European Interest
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost6 microplastics IPCEI
State aid for important R&D projects of common European interest can cover different costs than the RDI Framework and at different rates of intensity. Introduction Several Member States have demanded a more active industrial policy to counteract perceived unfair foreign competition. The Commission’s response has partly been that current rules do allow cross-border cooperation for the development of innovative products. […]
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1. Oktober 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Enforcement of State Aid Rules by National Courts
State Aid Blogs - m 2
Private enforcement has increased, but damages for illegal granting of State aid have been successfully claimed in just one case. Introduction   According to the annual competition report that was published in July, Member States use the GBER to implement 96% of their new aid measures.[1] This impressive outcome should be seen in conjunction with the recent rulings of the Court […]
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3 Kommentare
24. September 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

“Invest-NL”: A New Promotional Bank
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost39 promotionalbank
A state-owned promotional or development bank can pursue public policy objectives and also invest on terms which are acceptable to private investors. Introduction During the past decade or so several Member States have established “promotional” or “development” banks for the purpose of investing where the market does not. Private investors may be reluctant to commit their money for a variety […]
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17. September 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Sale of a Bank without State aid
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost38 saleofbank
The sale must be open, transparent, non-discriminatory, unconditional and the winning bid must be the offer with the highest price. Introduction The German HSH Nordbank used to be the largest provider of ship finance in the world. It had commercial presence in over 20 major financial centres. Before the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008, HSH Nordbank had a […]
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10. September 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Individually Notified Regional Aid
State Aid Blogs -
All individual awards of aid granted to the same project over a three-year period have to be counted together and remain below the maximum allowable aid intensity in relation to the sum of eligible costs. Introduction Hungary operates an aid scheme that offers tax credits to encourage regional investment. The scheme has been implemented on the basis of the GBER […]
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3. September 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Presumed v Actual Compatibility of State aid with the Internal Market
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost36 GBER BMW
State aid granted on the basis of the GBER may not be considered as authorised by the Commission. The task of Member States is to ensure that all of the requirements of the GBER are fulfilled. In particular, Member States must confirm the incentive effect of aid to large enterprises. Introduction[1]   In March 2019, the Court of Justice delivered […]
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28. August 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

A Curious Case of Port Concessions
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost35 port concessions
The obligations of a concessionaire may be made less onerous in order to enable it to remain in operation. Any adjustment of the obligations takes into account the possible legal defences of the concessionaire. Introduction The Market Economy Investor Principle [MEIP] is a powerful concept. Its many variations attest to its versatility [e.g. market economy investor, operator, vendor, creditor]. It […]
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20. August 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Repayable Advances for Support of Research Projects
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost34 RDI GBER
The amount of State aid in a repayable advance to support research projects is the difference between the return a private investor would demand and the actual return for the funding authority. Introduction According to the staff working paper accompanying the 2018 annual competition report that was published on 15 July 2019, 95% of all State aid measures supporting R&D […]
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13. August 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Aid to Providers of Local Services through Exclusive Contracts Can still Affect Cross-border Trade
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost33 trade
An exclusive contract can affect cross-border trade if the awarding authority has the option to use a competitive selection procedure. Aid to the operator of a legal monopoly may affect trade if the operator can cross-subsidise activities outside the area of the monopoly. Introduction A perennial question is whether aid to providers of local services can affect cross-border trade. Given […]
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6. August 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Transport: Airlines and Bus Operators
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost31 Stateaid transport
For investment aid to the operator of an airport to be considered as indirect aid to airlines, there must be an inseparable link between the aid and beneficiary airlines. For a competitor to claim that it is harmed by State aid, it must prove that its position in the relevant market is substantially affected. Ensuring that the costs of public […]
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30. Juli 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Problem with Turnover Taxes
State Aid Blogs -
Economies of scale do not necessarily correlate with ability to pay. Introduction On Thursday, 11 July 2019, France became the first European country to adopt a tax on digital sales. At about the same time, President Donald Trump warned that the US would retaliate with punitive tariffs. The US believes that the tax is aimed at its internet giants such […]
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