Europäisches Beihilfenrecht Blog

State Aid Uncovered by Prof Phedon Nicolaides

In Lexxions Blog „State Aid Uncovered” veröffentlicht Prof. Phedon Nicolaides wöchentlich kritische Analysen zu den neuesten Urteilen und Entscheidungen zu staatlichen Beihilfen. Jeder Beitrag stellt die wichtigsten Punkte eines Gerichtsurteils oder einer EU-Kommissionsentscheidung vor, ordnet sie in den Kontext ähnlicher Rechtsprechung oder Praxis ein, bewertet die zugrundeliegende Argumentation und zeigt etwaige Ungereimtheiten oder Widersprüche auf.

In loser Folge werden auf diesem Blog auch Gastbeiträge von anderen Experten für staatliche Beihilfen veröffentlicht, welche die Inhalte der Blogbeiträge ergänzen.

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Professor at Maastricht University; Professor at University of Nicosia, and Academic Director at Lexxion Training

12. Mai 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Advantage Must be Proven, Not Assumed
Road sign "Wrong Way"
The European Commission has to consider whether the private investor principle is applicable in cases of state investments. It is for Member States to prove that their investments conform with the private investor principle. Temporary Framework As of 9 May 2020, the European Commission had approved 113 State aid measures to combat covid-19. Their legal basis was: Article 107(2)(b): 10; […]
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5. Mai 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Non-recovery of Incompatible State aid Is Costly
corona virus poster
Legal and practical difficulties in the recovery of incompatible State aid do not constitute justifiable “absolute impossibility”. Temporary Framework On 1 May, the total number of State aid measures to combat covid-19 approved by the European Commission reached 102. Their legal basis was: Article 107(2)(b): 9; Article 107(3)(b): 86; Article 107(3)(c): 7   Introduction The 2020 Temporary Framework for State […]
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27. April 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Identification of Undertakings in Difficulty
corona virus poster
A company is in difficulty if, in practice, its accumulated net losses exceed 50% of its subscribed capital, regardless of whether the subscribed capital is formally written down. The classification of a company as being in difficulty is independent of the sector in which it operates and of whether a private investor would be willing to invest in it. Temporary […]
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20. April 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

How to Price a Guarantee
Football ball on a field
The pricing of a guarantee must take into account not only the financial situation of the borrower but also the value of any collateral. Temporary Framework As of 17 April 2020, the European Commission authorised 61 State aid measures from 23 Member States and the UK to combat covid-19.   Introduction State guarantees on loans make up the largest category […]
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17. April 2020  |   Guest State Aid Blog von Michail Kamperis

COVID-19 Measures Adopted and State Aid Measures (Hopefully) to Be Adopted: An Update from Cyprus
Corona Virus
We are happy to share with you an update on the Covid-19 measures that are or will be adopted in Cyprus. Our guest auhor Michail Kamperis is a lawyer and partner at the law firm of Ierotheou, Kamperis & Co. LLC Nicosia, Cyprus. * Sign up for our free news alert  Sign Up For Free   Cyprus is one of […]
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14. April 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Errors in State aid Procedures Need not Result in Annulment of a Commission Decision
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost15 airport 2
Interested parties have a right to know how the compatibility of aid with the internal market is assessed. Temporary Framework developments As of 13 April 2020, the European Commission had authorised 51 measures adopted by 23 Member States. According to the statement of the Eurozone finance ministers of 9 April 2020, Member States had provided liquidity in the form of […]
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9. April 2020  |   Guest State Aid Blog von Lexxion Publisher

Follow Up Webinar with Phedon Nicolaides on ‚COVID-19 and State Aid Law‘ on 20 April
Woman sitting by the computer
The European Commission is working on quickly adapting the existing State aid legal framework to address the current Covid-19 pandemic. Join us on 20th April from the comfort and safety of your (home) office to get an insider update on the Covid-19 response by State aid experts from the European Commission and national governments. ✓ Join from wherever you are – […]
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9. April 2020  |   Guest State Aid Blog von Lexxion Publisher

Open Access Content Related to Covid-19: At a Glance
Typewriter, Covid-19 Articles
During these tough times, Lexxion Publisher wants to help to spread current news and updates on new regulations or support measures for combating the impact of the corona pandemic. Various contributions will be available as open access during the upcoming weeks. This post lists all contributions and will be updated on a rolling basis. Contributions related to State Aid & […]
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7. April 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

EU Decisions Override National Decisions on Compensation for Public Service Obligations
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost14 Public Service Obligations 1
The principle of res judicata cannot be used to avoid recovery of incompatible State aid.   An update on State aid measures to counter the impact of COVID-19 As of 3 April 2020, the Commission has approved 29 measures submitted by 16 Member States. Article 107(3)(b) is the legal basis for 26 of those measures, while Article 107(2)(b) is the […]
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3. April 2020  |   Guest State Aid Blog von P. Kamil Rosiak

Covid-19 Support Package for Entrepreneurs: An Update from Poland
Corona Virus
We are happy to share with you an update on the Covid-19 support package that Poland is creating to support entrepeneurs fighting the impact of the corona pandemic. Our guest auhor P. Kamil Rosiak is Attorney-at-Law & Partner Associate at KPMG D.Dobkowski LP in Warsaw.* On 28 March 2020 the lower house of Polish parliament (Sejm) passed a bill (so […]
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5. Dezember 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Will Brexit Usher in Protectionism?
State Aid Blogs - StateAid Blogpost Brexit EU Lexxion
The Financial Times reported on Friday, 29 November 2019, that the Conservative party in the UK announced that it would establish a different state aid system to “protect British industry after Brexit”. The Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, was quoted to have said at a press conference on the same date that the new state aid system would make it “faster […]
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3. Dezember 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Separability of Economic from Non-economic Activities
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost50 2019 lexxion economy printing non economic Stateaid SGEI
Activities which are inseparable from the exercise of official powers are non-economic. Introduction   Pure research whose results are widely disseminated is undoubtedly a non-economic activity. Research reports are often published on the internet. But the design and management of a research organisation’s website can be an economic activity. Plenty of private companies provide these services for a fee. Does […]
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2 Kommentare
26. November 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

How to Assess a Shareholder Loan
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost49 shareholder loan MEOP
A shareholder loan cannot be simply compared to a bank loan because the shareholder also benefits from improvements in the future profitability of the borrower. Introduction When a public authority grants a loan to a company, the methodology in the 2008 Commission communication on reference and discount rates can be used to determine whether the loan contains State aid. However, […]
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19. November 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Compensation to a Toll Road Operator
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost48 toll road motorways Poland obligations StateAid
Contractual obligation to provide compensation that does not exceed the loss of income is not State aid. Introduction When is a company entitled to compensation by the state? The easy answer is “when the state is liable for damage”. However, it may be possible for a company to claim compensation from the state when the state has assumed contractual obligations. […]
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14. November 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Risk Finance
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost47 Finance lexxion GBER SMEs
Risk finance measures for the support for large enterprises or SMEs which operate for longer than seven years fall outside the GBER and must be notified individually to the Commission. Introduction Since the State aid modernisation and the new rules that were introduced in 2014, only a handful of risk finance measures [7-8?] have been notified to the European Commission […]
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5. November 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Economic Continuity in Recovery of Incompatible State aid
Lab test tubes
The new owner of a company that received incompatible State aid may be liable to pay it back. Introduction   Companies rarely escape from the obligation to repay incompatible State aid. Over the past decade or so, very few companies have successfully argued that they legitimately expected that the aid they received was compatible with the internal market. When a […]
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30. Oktober 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Operator of an Economic Infrastructure is an Undertaking
State Aid Blogs - m 1
The assignment of public service tasks to an infrastructure operator is not sufficient to prevent the application of State aid rules. Introduction The characterisation of an entity as an undertaking is activity based, not status based. If it carries out activities for which there is a market, it becomes an undertaking, regardless of providing services which are in the general […]
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22. Oktober 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Production of Green Electricity
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost44 greenelectricity
Member States may reduce the amount of State aid they grant and companies may not claim they have a right to State aid. Introduction Close to 60% of all aid granted to industry and services in the EU goes to support environmental protection, energy efficiency and the generation of electricity from renewable sources of energy. However, as technology improves, the […]
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16. Oktober 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Attempting to Minimise Past State aid Is of No Interest to a Private Investor
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost43 privateinvestor
A public authority acting as a private investor ignores past State aid. Introduction It is now a settled principle that when a public authority intends or pretends to act as a private investor it must not take into account any past aid it has granted to the company in which it wants to invest. On 19 September 2019, the General Court […]
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8. Oktober 2019  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Public Service Obligations, Duration of Entrustment and Reasonable Profit
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost41 LNGterminal
The duration of entrustment should not exceed the economic life of the investment and the rate of return should reflect the commercial risk of that investment. Introduction Is a 55-year entrustment through a direct award compatible with EU rules? And is a profit rate that exceeds the risk-free rate of return reasonable? These are some of the questions that the […]
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