Europäisches Beihilfenrecht Blog

State Aid Uncovered Blog

In Lexxions Blog „State Aid Uncovered” veröffentlicht Prof. Phedon Nicolaides wöchentlich kritische Analysen zu den neuesten Urteilen und Entscheidungen zu staatlichen Beihilfen. Jeder Beitrag stellt die wichtigsten Punkte eines Gerichtsurteils oder einer EU-Kommissionsentscheidung vor, ordnet sie in den Kontext ähnlicher Rechtsprechung oder Praxis ein, bewertet die zugrundeliegende Argumentation und zeigt etwaige Ungereimtheiten oder Widersprüche auf.

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Professor at Maastricht University; Professor at University of Nicosia, and Academic Director at Lexxion Training

30. September 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Market Economy Operator Test

State Aid Blogs - riga 2935034 1920

State Aid Blogs - riga 2935034 1920

A rational airport operator considers only incremental revenue and costs and ignores any cost not caused by an agreement with an airline. State aid developments: New Guidelines in State aid in EU ETS The Commission published on Friday, 25 September, in Official Journal C 317, p.5, the new Guidelines on State aid measures in the context of the system for […]

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22. September 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

A Real Estate Deal that Does not Affect Intra-EU Trade

State Aid Blogs - hall 1489766 1920

State Aid Blogs - hall 1489766 1920

Operators selected through competitive, transparent, non-discriminatory and unconditional procedures receive no State aid. When only a single bid is submitted, the market conformity of the outcome must be verified with comparative analysis. Activities are purely local when they are not likely to attract customers or operators from abroad. Update on Temporary Framework: Number of approved and published covid-19 measures, as […]

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15. September 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Non-economic Activities and Services of General Economic Interest

State Aid Blogs - environmental protection 683437 1280

State Aid Blogs - environmental protection 683437 1280

Non-economic tasks and economic activities which are inseparable from those non-economic tasks are together, as a bundle, non-economic in nature. Public compensation for the extra costs of services of general economic interest [SGEI] may not cross-subsidise activities that fall outside the scope of the SGEI. Update on Temporary Framework: Number of approved and published covid-19 measures, as of 11 September […]

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8. September 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

State Control without State Imputability

State Aid Blogs - Postnord

State Aid Blogs - Postnord

A snapshot of Covid-19 State aid Number of Covid-19 approved measures1, 2 [EU27 + UK, 4 September 2020] 19-15 13-11 9-7 6-4 BE CZ DK IT PL DE FR HU LV NL BG EL FI IE LT LU MT RO SE SK UK AT CY EE ES HR PT SI Source: DG Competition, author’s own calculations 1: Data exclude amendments […]

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1. September 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Pari Passu Investments

State Aid Blogs - money 3115984 1920

State Aid Blogs - money 3115984 1920

Update on Temporary Framework: Number of approved and published covid-19 measures, as of 28 August 2020: 270* Legal basis: Article 107(2)(b): 28; Article 107(3)(b): 228; Article 107(3)(c): 21 Four Member States have implemented 15 or more covid-19 measures each: Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy & Poland. – Average number of measures per Member State: 9.6 – Median number of measures […]

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25. August 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Non-economic Nature of Certain IT Services for Higher Education

State Aid Blogs - ipad 820272 1920 1

State Aid Blogs - ipad 820272 1920 1

Publicly funded educational services are not economic in nature. Activities intrinsically linked to public tasks are not economic in nature. Update on Temporary Framework: Number of approved and published covid-19 measures, as of 21 August 2020: 262* Legal basis: Article 107(2)(b): 28; Article 107(3)(b): 220; Article 107(3)(c): 20 Four Member States have implemented 16 or more covid-19 measures each: Belgium, […]

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18. August 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

MEIP-Compliant Bank Recapitalisation: CEC Bank

State Aid Blogs - money 1064126 1920

State Aid Blogs - money 1064126 1920

An investor who is already a shareholder would take into account not only the return on new investment but also the impact on the overall profitability of the company in which capital is injected. Update on Temporary Framework: Number of approved and published covid-19 measures, as of 14 August 2020: 252* Legal basis: Article 107(2)(b): 27; Article 107(3)(b): 211; Article […]

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11. August 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Commission Must Act in Accordance with the Principle of Proportionality

investigation

investigation

The opening of a formal investigation obliges Member States to suspend implementation of their State aid measures. Update on Temporary Framework: Number of approved and published covid-19 measures, as of 7 August 2020: 241* Legal basis: Article 107(2)(b): 25; Article 107(3)(b): 203; Article 107(3)(c): 18 Four Member States have implemented 15 or more covid-19 measures each: Belgium, Denmark, Italy & […]

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4. August 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Draft Regional Aid Guidelines: Simpler and Clearer

Regional Aid

Regional Aid

Update on Temporary Framework: Number of approved and published covid-19 measures, as of 31 July 2020: 235* Legal basis: Article 107(2)(b): 24; Article 107(3)(b): 198; Article 107(3)(c): 18 Five Member States have implemented 13 or more covid-19 measures each: Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy & Poland. – Average number of measures per Member State: 8.3 – Median number of measures per […]

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21. Juli 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Taxation of Multinational Companies: The Apple Case – A Political Setback for the Commission, but a Victory on Principle

MacBook on Table

MacBook on Table

Defects, incompleteness and inconsistencies in tax rulings are not sufficient to prove the existence of an advantage in the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU. Update on Temporary Framework: Number of approved and published covid-19 measures, as of 17 July 2020: 213* Legal basis: Article 107(2)(b): 21; Article 107(3)(b): 179; Article 107(3)(c): 18 Five Member States have implemented 13 or more […]

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20. April 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

How to Price a Guarantee

Football ball on a field

Football ball on a field

The pricing of a guarantee must take into account not only the financial situation of the borrower but also the value of any collateral. Temporary Framework As of 17 April 2020, the European Commission authorised 61 State aid measures from 23 Member States and the UK to combat covid-19. Introduction State guarantees on loans make up the largest category […]

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14. April 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Errors in State aid Procedures Need not Result in Annulment of a Commission Decision

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost15 airport 2

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost15 airport 2

Interested parties have a right to know how the compatibility of aid with the internal market is assessed. Temporary Framework developments As of 13 April 2020, the European Commission had authorised 51 measures adopted by 23 Member States. According to the statement of the Eurozone finance ministers of 9 April 2020, Member States had provided liquidity in the form of […]

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7. April 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

EU Decisions Override National Decisions on Compensation for Public Service Obligations

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost14 Public Service Obligations 1

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost14 Public Service Obligations 1

The principle of res judicata cannot be used to avoid recovery of incompatible State aid. An update on State aid measures to counter the impact of COVID-19 As of 3 April 2020, the Commission has approved 29 measures submitted by 16 Member States. Article 107(3)(b) is the legal basis for 26 of those measures, while Article 107(2)(b) is the […]

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31. März 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

How to Make Good the Damage Caused by a Natural Disaster

State Aid Blogs - sergio torres nUw2nIGeGYY unsplash

State Aid Blogs - sergio torres nUw2nIGeGYY unsplash

Compensation for costs incurred as a result of a natural disaster is State aid. The compensation must be for damage directly caused by the natural disaster. Introduction State aid to make good the damage caused by an “exceptional occurrence” such as the corona virus covid-19 is compatible with the internal market. The legal basis for exemption is Article 107(2)(b). Of […]

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20. März 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

A New Temporary State aid Framework to Fight the Effects of the Corona Virus

corona virus poster

corona virus poster

Member States will be allowed to provide grants, guarantees and loans to companies to alleviate the effects of the corona virus. Introduction At the end of 2009, the European Commission adopted a Temporary Framework of State aid rules to enable Member States to support companies that were harmed by the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008. Now, the corona […]

6 Kommentare

17. März 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Has an Economic Myth Become a Legal Fact? The Case of Turnover Taxes

State Aid Blogs - Turnover

State Aid Blogs - Turnover

Progressive turnover taxes are not contrary to the freedom of establishment or the right of equal treatment. Introduction Recent cases involving “turnover” taxes have sparked a debate in the literature and on the conference circuit not only because they raise novel issues but also because of their implications for other taxes which are being mooted by European governments. As Advocate-General […]

2 Kommentare

11. März 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Financial Transactions between the State and Banks with No State aid

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost10 state guarantees

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost10 state guarantees

Capital injections, state guarantees and loans granted to banks can be free of State aid if they are priced at market rates which reflect the risk borne by the state. Introduction If banks can obtain capital, loans and guarantees from the state at market rates why don’t they go directly to the market? No one has yet given a satisfactory […]

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3. März 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Public Funding of Infrastructure without State Aid

State Aide_Infrastructure

State Aide_Infrastructure

The existence of State aid must be checked at the level of both the direct and indirect beneficiaries who are the owners and users of infrastructure, respectively. If payments to private land owners are to be free of State aid, they must be calculated on the basis of an objective formula that takes into account the size and value of […]

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25. Februar 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Environmental Remediation and State Liability

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost8 environmental remediation

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost8 environmental remediation

Liability assumed by the state for the actions of an undertaking constitutes a selective advantage that may result in potential transfer of state resources in the future. Introduction On 16 January 2020 the General Court delivered its judgment in case T‑257/18, Iberpotash v European Commission.[1] Iberpotash, a Spanish company, appealed against Commission decision 2018/118. Iberpotash owns and operates potash mines […]

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21. Februar 2020 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

From Waste to Energy

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost7 waste to energy

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost7 waste to energy

State aid to incentivise the use of waste to produce energy must be individually notified. Introduction Waste management is an increasingly important aspect of policies aiming to prevent environmental degradation and slow down climate change. As the market for recycling expands and waste management becomes more profitable, there is also a higher risk of harm to competition by State aid. […]

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