Europäisches Beihilfenrecht Blog

State Aid Uncovered Blog

In Lexxions Blog „State Aid Uncovered” veröffentlicht Prof. Phedon Nicolaides wöchentlich kritische Analysen zu den neuesten Urteilen und Entscheidungen zu staatlichen Beihilfen. Jeder Beitrag stellt die wichtigsten Punkte eines Gerichtsurteils oder einer EU-Kommissionsentscheidung vor, ordnet sie in den Kontext ähnlicher Rechtsprechung oder Praxis ein, bewertet die zugrundeliegende Argumentation und zeigt etwaige Ungereimtheiten oder Widersprüche auf.

In loser Folge werden auf diesem Blog auch Gastbeiträge von anderen Experten für staatliche Beihilfen veröffentlicht, welche die Inhalte der Blogbeiträge ergänzen.

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Professor at Maastricht University; Professor at University of Nicosia, and Academic Director at Lexxion Training

- Regulation 651/2014 ×

1. November 2022  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Research Organisations, their Primary Objectives and their Shareholders
State Aid Blogs - State Aid Uncovered SM posts 38
A research organisation is not required to reinvest any revenue it may generate into its non-economic activities. The fact that the shareholders of a research entity are profit seeking has no decisive impact on its classification as a research organisation. Introduction As governments push universities to engage in more collaborative research with industry, the question increasingly arises where to draw […]
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Keine Kommentare
30. August 2022  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Support for Research & Innovation in the Context of the Temporary Framework
State Aid Blogs - State Aid Uncovered SM posts 21
Introduction The Temporary Framework [TF] that was introduced in March 2020 expired on 30 June 2022. However, two provisions of the TF remain in force until 31 December 2022. They are investment support for sustainable recovery [section 3.13 of the TF] and solvency support [section 3.14 of the TF]. In the former case, individual aid must be granted before 1 […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
12. Juli 2022  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

State Guarantees without State Aid
State Aid Blogs - State Aid Uncovered SM posts 15
Introduction State guarantees may constitute State aid if they are not priced at market rates. A properly priced guarantee reflects the risk assumed by the public authority that issues it and the collateral, if any, that the beneficiary undertaking can pledge. The State aid that is embedded in a guarantee that is priced below the relevant market rate is operating […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
9. März 2022  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Concept of “Undertaking in Difficulty” and Evidential Requirements
State Aid Blogs - State Aid Uncovered SM posts 1
The “subscribed share capital” of a company includes the capital that is already paid and any future amount that shareholders have irrevocably committed to pay. Introduction Undertakings in difficulty may not receive any kind of aid except aid to compensate for damage caused by a natural disaster or exceptional occurrence and, under strict conditions, rescue and/or restructuring aid. In most […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
3. November 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Concept of SME, Indirect Control by Public Bodies and New Problems for Public Universities and Research Organisations
State Aid Blogs - columns 5135499 1920
I am grateful to Peter Staviczky for comments on an earlier draft. A company that is owned by more than 25% by public bodies is not considered to be an SME, regardless of whether those public bodies actually exercise direct or indirect control. A public university can be a public body. Temporary Framework Update: Number of approved and published covid-19 […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
2. Juni 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

i) Investor-State Arbitration ii) Recovery of Incompatible State Aid iii) State Aid Scoreboard 2019
euro coins
Member States abolish bilateral investment treaties between themselves. When the Commission orders recovery of incompatible State aid, interest has to be added to the recoverable amount for the whole period of illegality regardless of any national limitation rules. In 2018, Member States granted EUR 121 billion to industry and services, EUR 6.3 billion to agriculture and EUR 50 billion to […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
16. August 2016  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Compliance with Regulation 651/2014: The Consequences of Failure to Publish an Aid Measure*
State Aid Blogs - m 20 1
Member States must publish the aid measures they adopt on the basis of the GBER. Failure to publish prevents them from being exempted from notification and renders any aid illegal.   Introduction On 21 July 2016, the Court of Justice delivered a judgment in response to a request for a preliminary ruling in case C-493/14, Dilly’s Wellnesshotel v Finanzamt Linz.[1] An […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
5. April 2016  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Local Infrastructure
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost47 Finance lexxion GBER SMEs
Public funding of local infrastructure is not State aid when the responsibility for the infrastructure falls within the remit of public authorities, it is not commercially exploited, it is open to all users, it is not intended to support the needs of any particular undertaking and any benefits to any undertaking are incidental.   Introduction Even since the adoption of […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare

- Regulation 651/2014 ×

1. November 2022  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Research Organisations, their Primary Objectives and their Shareholders
State Aid Blogs - State Aid Uncovered SM posts 38
A research organisation is not required to reinvest any revenue it may generate into its non-economic activities. The fact that the shareholders of a research entity are profit seeking has no decisive impact on its classification as a research organisation. Introduction As governments push universities to engage in more collaborative research with industry, the question increasingly arises where to draw […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
30. August 2022  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Support for Research & Innovation in the Context of the Temporary Framework
State Aid Blogs - State Aid Uncovered SM posts 21
Introduction The Temporary Framework [TF] that was introduced in March 2020 expired on 30 June 2022. However, two provisions of the TF remain in force until 31 December 2022. They are investment support for sustainable recovery [section 3.13 of the TF] and solvency support [section 3.14 of the TF]. In the former case, individual aid must be granted before 1 […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
12. Juli 2022  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

State Guarantees without State Aid
State Aid Blogs - State Aid Uncovered SM posts 15
Introduction State guarantees may constitute State aid if they are not priced at market rates. A properly priced guarantee reflects the risk assumed by the public authority that issues it and the collateral, if any, that the beneficiary undertaking can pledge. The State aid that is embedded in a guarantee that is priced below the relevant market rate is operating […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
9. März 2022  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Concept of “Undertaking in Difficulty” and Evidential Requirements
State Aid Blogs - State Aid Uncovered SM posts 1
The “subscribed share capital” of a company includes the capital that is already paid and any future amount that shareholders have irrevocably committed to pay. Introduction Undertakings in difficulty may not receive any kind of aid except aid to compensate for damage caused by a natural disaster or exceptional occurrence and, under strict conditions, rescue and/or restructuring aid. In most […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
3. November 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Concept of SME, Indirect Control by Public Bodies and New Problems for Public Universities and Research Organisations
State Aid Blogs - columns 5135499 1920
I am grateful to Peter Staviczky for comments on an earlier draft. A company that is owned by more than 25% by public bodies is not considered to be an SME, regardless of whether those public bodies actually exercise direct or indirect control. A public university can be a public body. Temporary Framework Update: Number of approved and published covid-19 […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
2. Juni 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

i) Investor-State Arbitration ii) Recovery of Incompatible State Aid iii) State Aid Scoreboard 2019
euro coins
Member States abolish bilateral investment treaties between themselves. When the Commission orders recovery of incompatible State aid, interest has to be added to the recoverable amount for the whole period of illegality regardless of any national limitation rules. In 2018, Member States granted EUR 121 billion to industry and services, EUR 6.3 billion to agriculture and EUR 50 billion to […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
16. August 2016  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Compliance with Regulation 651/2014: The Consequences of Failure to Publish an Aid Measure*
State Aid Blogs - m 20 1
Member States must publish the aid measures they adopt on the basis of the GBER. Failure to publish prevents them from being exempted from notification and renders any aid illegal.   Introduction On 21 July 2016, the Court of Justice delivered a judgment in response to a request for a preliminary ruling in case C-493/14, Dilly’s Wellnesshotel v Finanzamt Linz.[1] An […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
5. April 2016  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Local Infrastructure
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost47 Finance lexxion GBER SMEs
Public funding of local infrastructure is not State aid when the responsibility for the infrastructure falls within the remit of public authorities, it is not commercially exploited, it is open to all users, it is not intended to support the needs of any particular undertaking and any benefits to any undertaking are incidental.   Introduction Even since the adoption of […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare

- Regulation 651/2014 ×

1. November 2022  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Research Organisations, their Primary Objectives and their Shareholders
State Aid Blogs - State Aid Uncovered SM posts 38
A research organisation is not required to reinvest any revenue it may generate into its non-economic activities. The fact that the shareholders of a research entity are profit seeking has no decisive impact on its classification as a research organisation. Introduction As governments push universities to engage in more collaborative research with industry, the question increasingly arises where to draw […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
30. August 2022  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Support for Research & Innovation in the Context of the Temporary Framework
State Aid Blogs - State Aid Uncovered SM posts 21
Introduction The Temporary Framework [TF] that was introduced in March 2020 expired on 30 June 2022. However, two provisions of the TF remain in force until 31 December 2022. They are investment support for sustainable recovery [section 3.13 of the TF] and solvency support [section 3.14 of the TF]. In the former case, individual aid must be granted before 1 […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
12. Juli 2022  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

State Guarantees without State Aid
State Aid Blogs - State Aid Uncovered SM posts 15
Introduction State guarantees may constitute State aid if they are not priced at market rates. A properly priced guarantee reflects the risk assumed by the public authority that issues it and the collateral, if any, that the beneficiary undertaking can pledge. The State aid that is embedded in a guarantee that is priced below the relevant market rate is operating […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
9. März 2022  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Concept of “Undertaking in Difficulty” and Evidential Requirements
State Aid Blogs - State Aid Uncovered SM posts 1
The “subscribed share capital” of a company includes the capital that is already paid and any future amount that shareholders have irrevocably committed to pay. Introduction Undertakings in difficulty may not receive any kind of aid except aid to compensate for damage caused by a natural disaster or exceptional occurrence and, under strict conditions, rescue and/or restructuring aid. In most […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
3. November 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Concept of SME, Indirect Control by Public Bodies and New Problems for Public Universities and Research Organisations
State Aid Blogs - columns 5135499 1920
I am grateful to Peter Staviczky for comments on an earlier draft. A company that is owned by more than 25% by public bodies is not considered to be an SME, regardless of whether those public bodies actually exercise direct or indirect control. A public university can be a public body. Temporary Framework Update: Number of approved and published covid-19 […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
2. Juni 2020  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

i) Investor-State Arbitration ii) Recovery of Incompatible State Aid iii) State Aid Scoreboard 2019
euro coins
Member States abolish bilateral investment treaties between themselves. When the Commission orders recovery of incompatible State aid, interest has to be added to the recoverable amount for the whole period of illegality regardless of any national limitation rules. In 2018, Member States granted EUR 121 billion to industry and services, EUR 6.3 billion to agriculture and EUR 50 billion to […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
16. August 2016  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Compliance with Regulation 651/2014: The Consequences of Failure to Publish an Aid Measure*
State Aid Blogs - m 20 1
Member States must publish the aid measures they adopt on the basis of the GBER. Failure to publish prevents them from being exempted from notification and renders any aid illegal.   Introduction On 21 July 2016, the Court of Justice delivered a judgment in response to a request for a preliminary ruling in case C-493/14, Dilly’s Wellnesshotel v Finanzamt Linz.[1] An […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare
5. April 2016  |   State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Local Infrastructure
State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost47 Finance lexxion GBER SMEs
Public funding of local infrastructure is not State aid when the responsibility for the infrastructure falls within the remit of public authorities, it is not commercially exploited, it is open to all users, it is not intended to support the needs of any particular undertaking and any benefits to any undertaking are incidental.   Introduction Even since the adoption of […]
Mehr lesen
Keine Kommentare

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