State Aid Law Blog

State Aid Uncovered Blog

In Lexxion’s State Aid Uncovered blog, Prof. Phedon Nicolaides publishes weekly critical analyses of recent State aid judgments and decisions. Each post presents the key points of a court judgment or EU Commission decision, places it in the context of similar case law or practice, assesses the underlying reasoning and highlights any inconsistencies or contradictions.

Guest contributions from other State aid experts will also be published on the blog at irregular intervals to complement the content of the blog posts.

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9. April 2020 | Guest State Aid Blog by Lexxion Publisher

Follow Up Webinar with Phedon Nicolaides on ‚COVID-19 and State Aid Law‘ on 20 April

The European Commission is working on quickly adapting the existing State aid legal framework to address the current Covid-19 pandemic. Join us on 20th April from the comfort and safety of your (home) office to get an insider update on the Covid-19 response by State aid experts from the European Commission and national governments. ✓ Join from wherever you are – […]

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9. April 2020 | Guest State Aid Blog by Lexxion Publisher

Open Access Content Related to Covid-19: At a Glance

During these tough times, Lexxion Publisher wants to help to spread current news and updates on new regulations or support measures for combating the impact of the corona pandemic. Various contributions will be available as open access during the upcoming weeks. This post lists all contributions and will be updated on a rolling basis. Contributions related to State Aid & […]

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7. April 2020 | State Aid Uncovered by Phedon Nicolaides

EU Decisions Override National Decisions on Compensation for Public Service Obligations

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost14 Public Service Obligations 1

The principle of res judicata cannot be used to avoid recovery of incompatible State aid. An update on State aid measures to counter the impact of COVID-19 As of 3 April 2020, the Commission has approved 29 measures submitted by 16 Member States. Article 107(3)(b) is the legal basis for 26 of those measures, while Article 107(2)(b) is the […]

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3. April 2020 | Guest State Aid Blog by P. Kamil Rosiak

Covid-19 Support Package for Entrepreneurs: An Update from Poland

We are happy to share with you an update on the Covid-19 support package that Poland is creating to support entrepeneurs fighting the impact of the corona pandemic. Our guest auhor P. Kamil Rosiak is Attorney-at-Law & Partner Associate at KPMG D.Dobkowski LP in Warsaw.* On 28 March 2020 the lower house of Polish parliament (Sejm) passed a bill (so […]

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1. April 2020 | Guest State Aid Blog by Lexxion Publisher

Live Webinar: Covid-19 & State Aid Law in the UK Now

older woman sitting at the table, writting

Lexxion has created another new live webinar to keep you updated on current developments of Covid-19 and State aid law in the UK after Brexit. Leading State aid experts Jonathan Branton, George Peretz QC and Alexander Rose will work through the current EU State aid rules and answer your questions. ✓ Join from wherever you are – high-quality content at […]

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31. March 2020 | State Aid Uncovered by Phedon Nicolaides

How to Make Good the Damage Caused by a Natural Disaster

State Aid Blogs - sergio torres nUw2nIGeGYY unsplash

Compensation for costs incurred as a result of a natural disaster is State aid. The compensation must be for damage directly caused by the natural disaster. Introduction State aid to make good the damage caused by an “exceptional occurrence” such as the corona virus covid-19 is compatible with the internal market. The legal basis for exemption is Article 107(2)(b). Of […]

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25. March 2020 | Guest State Aid Blog by Lexxion Publisher

Join our live webinar with Phedon Nicolaides on ‚COVID-19 and State Aid Law‘ on 2 April

Due to global developments and responding to various requests, Lexxion has created a live webinar to keep you updated on the latest news regarding the corona virus and State aid law. You can join from wherever you are and receive high-quality content at your (home) office. In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, EU Member States are urgently rolling out […]

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20. March 2020 | State Aid Uncovered by Phedon Nicolaides

A New Temporary State aid Framework to Fight the Effects of the Corona Virus

Member States will be allowed to provide grants, guarantees and loans to companies to alleviate the effects of the corona virus. Introduction At the end of 2009, the European Commission adopted a Temporary Framework of State aid rules to enable Member States to support companies that were harmed by the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008. Now, the corona […]

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17. March 2020 | State Aid Uncovered by Phedon Nicolaides

Has an Economic Myth Become a Legal Fact? The Case of Turnover Taxes

Progressive turnover taxes are not contrary to the freedom of establishment or the right of equal treatment. Introduction Recent cases involving “turnover” taxes have sparked a debate in the literature and on the conference circuit not only because they raise novel issues but also because of their implications for other taxes which are being mooted by European governments. As Advocate-General […]

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11. March 2020 | State Aid Uncovered by Phedon Nicolaides

Financial Transactions between the State and Banks with No State aid

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost10 state guarantees

Capital injections, state guarantees and loans granted to banks can be free of State aid if they are priced at market rates which reflect the risk borne by the state. Introduction If banks can obtain capital, loans and guarantees from the state at market rates why don’t they go directly to the market? No one has yet given a satisfactory […]

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9. July 2019 | State Aid Uncovered by Phedon Nicolaides

1) The European Commission Does not Have to Identify Individual Beneficiaries in its Recovery Decisions 2) Revision of the GBER [InvestEU, Seal of Excellence, ETC]

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost27 GBER

This week’s article deals with two issues: possible defence against repayment of incompatible State aid and the forthcoming revision of the GBER. Introduction In 2008, the Commission ordered France to recover incompatible aid that had been granted by means of several public measures to support farmers [see Commission decision 2009/402]. What made that decision interesting was that part of the […]

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2. July 2019 | State Aid Uncovered by Phedon Nicolaides

Application of the MEOP to Energy Infrastructure

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost26 energy infrastructure

A public authority that acts as a private operator may charge what the market can bear. Introduction In January 2019, Germany notified to the Commission, for reasons of legal certainty, investment of the municipality of Hamburg in a district heating network. The Commission, in decision SA.52390, found that the investment in Hamburg District Heating Network conformed with the Market Economy […]

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25. June 2019 | State Aid Uncovered by Phedon Nicolaides

How to Value Land in Complex Land Swaps

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost25 LandSwap RealdMadrid

A private investor assesses all components of a complex transaction and takes into account not just profit, but also the legal implications of the prospective transaction and possible future liability. Introduction When a public authority sells land, it should either auction it through a competitive and unconditional process or have it valued beforehand by an independent expert.Sometimes, public […]

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18. June 2019 | State Aid Uncovered by Phedon Nicolaides

Is it OK to Tax Company Size?*

Progressive tax rates that are consistent with the objective of the tax system are not necessarily selective. Introduction Member States are free to design their corporate tax systems as long as they do not grant State aid or infringe fundamental internal market freedoms. A question that arises in discussions on what Member States may or may not do when designing […]

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11. June 2019 | State Aid Uncovered by Phedon Nicolaides

I) Unlimited State Guarantees II) Effect on Trade

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost23

A competitor who wants to challenge a Commission decision authorising State aid without a formal investigation must, first, show that it is seriously harmed by the aid. Introduction This week’s article reviews two judgments: one on unlimited state guarantees granted by France [case T-135/17, Scor v European Commission][1] and another on aid that was found not to affect trade between Member […]

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4. June 2019 | State Aid Uncovered by Phedon Nicolaides

Not Every Compensation Is a Compensation in the Meaning of Altmark

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost22 electricity Altmark SGEI

Regulation and licensing do not constitute obligations for the provision of an SGEI. Compensation for changes in public policy is not compensation that complies with the Altmark conditions. Introduction The calculation of the compensation for the net extra costs of public service obligations [PSO] is a difficult task. On 15 May 2019, in case C-706/17, Achema et al v Lithuania […]

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28. May 2019 | State Aid Uncovered by Phedon Nicolaides

What Happens when Internal Market Rules and State Aid Rules Clash?

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost21 Tax Refund

A tax refund may not be granted, if it constitutes non-notified State aid. Introduction It is a well-established principle that restrictions on internal market rights or freedoms may not be attached to a State aid measure. Indeed, current State aid rules [e.g. GBER, guidelines] explicitly exclude from their scope any aid measure which is inseparably linked to a […]

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21. May 2019 | State Aid Uncovered by Phedon Nicolaides

There Is No Threshold below which Economic Activities Can Be Considered to be Non-economic

State Aid Blogs - StateaidHub blogpost20 Lexxion Port Economic Activities

Non-economic activities have to be accounted separately from economic activities. The exercise of public tasks assigned by the state cannot protect an undertaking from State aid rules. State aid distorts competition even when it aims to remedy distortions. Introduction Ports, like other transport infrastructures, may operate under public obligations some of which may be of economic and some of non-economic […]

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16. May 2019 | State Aid Uncovered by Phedon Nicolaides

Competitors’ Rights

State Aid Blogs - StateaidHub blogpost19 Lexxion Lufthansa Airport StateAid Ryanair Frankfurt Competition EU Commission

A competitor must show that it is substantially affected by State aid approved by the Commission in order to challenge the Commission’s decision. Merely being affected by the aid is not enough. To show that aid has a substantial impact, it is first necessary to define the relevant market. This is different from the “distortion of competition” in the meaning […]

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7. May 2019 | State Aid Uncovered by Phedon Nicolaides

Land Development: The Case of Jaguar Land Rover Slovakia

State Aid Blogs - StateAidHub blogpost18 Landrover Jaguar Nitra Stateaid Infrastrsucture Transport Lexxion

Public funding of infrastructure which is not constructed for the specific needs of a company is not State aid. Introduction An article carried by the Financial Times on 1 May 2019 revealed that Jaguar Land Rover [JLR] decided to make again the iconic Land Rover Defender. The production of this legendary off-roader ended about 10 years ago because it […]

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Submit your guest blog post

State Aid Uncovered Blog

Follow Up Webinar with Phedon Nicolaides on ‚COVID-19 and State Aid Law‘ on 20 April

Open Access Content Related to Covid-19: At a Glance

EU Decisions Override National Decisions on Compensation for Public Service Obligations

Covid-19 Support Package for Entrepreneurs: An Update from Poland

Live Webinar: Covid-19 & State Aid Law in the UK Now

How to Make Good the Damage Caused by a Natural Disaster

Join our live webinar with Phedon Nicolaides on ‚COVID-19 and State Aid Law‘ on 2 April

A New Temporary State aid Framework to Fight the Effects of the Corona Virus

Has an Economic Myth Become a Legal Fact? The Case of Turnover Taxes

Financial Transactions between the State and Banks with No State aid

1) The European Commission Does not Have to Identify Individual Beneficiaries in its Recovery Decisions 2) Revision of the GBER [InvestEU, Seal of Excellence, ETC]

Application of the MEOP to Energy Infrastructure

How to Value Land in Complex Land Swaps

Is it OK to Tax Company Size?*

I) Unlimited State Guarantees II) Effect on Trade

Not Every Compensation Is a Compensation in the Meaning of Altmark

What Happens when Internal Market Rules and State Aid Rules Clash?

There Is No Threshold below which Economic Activities Can Be Considered to be Non-economic

Competitors’ Rights

Land Development: The Case of Jaguar Land Rover Slovakia

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